AWS 실전 #1 인프라 골격: FastAPI/Django를 ECS Fargate에 배포

                      Internet
                          │
                          ▼
                  ┌──────────────┐
                  │  Route 53    │   blog.example.com
                  └──────┬───────┘
                         │
                         ▼
                ┌────────────────┐
                │      ALB       │   :443 → :8000
                │   (HTTPS, ACM) │
                └────────┬───────┘
                         │
              ┌──────────┴──────────┐
              ▼                     ▼
        ┌───────────┐         ┌───────────┐
        │  AZ-a     │         │   AZ-c    │
        │ Fargate   │         │  Fargate  │
        │  Task #1  │         │  Task #2  │
        │  (Blog)   │         │  (Blog)   │
        └─────┬─────┘         └─────┬─────┘
              │                     │
              └──────────┬──────────┘
                         ▼
                  ┌──────────────┐
                  │  RDS Postgres│   (Multi-AZ, Private)
                  └──────────────┘

FROM python:3.14-slim AS base
WORKDIR /app

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    libpq5 curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY app /app/app

EXPOSE 8000
HEALTHCHECK --interval=10s --timeout=3s --retries=3 \
    CMD curl -fsS http://127.0.0.1:8000/health || exit 1

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

Public Subnet  (10.0.0.0/24,   AZ-a)  ← ALB, NAT GW
Public Subnet  (10.0.1.0/24,   AZ-c)  ← ALB, NAT GW
Private Subnet (10.0.10.0/24,  AZ-a)  ← Fargate Task
Private Subnet (10.0.11.0/24,  AZ-c)  ← Fargate Task
DB Subnet      (10.0.20.0/24,  AZ-a)  ← RDS
DB Subnet      (10.0.21.0/24,  AZ-c)  ← RDS

sg-alb       80, 443 ← 0.0.0.0/0
             (인터넷이 ALB에)

sg-fargate   8000   ← sg-alb
             (ALB만 Fargate에)

aws ecr create-repository \
  --repository-name blog-api \
  --image-scanning-configuration scanOnPush=true \
  --region ap-northeast-2

ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
REGION=ap-northeast-2
REPO=$ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$REGION.amazonaws.com/blog-api

# 1) 로그인
aws ecr get-login-password --region $REGION | \
  docker login --username AWS --password-stdin $REPO

# 2) 빌드 (linux/amd64 : Fargate 표준 아키텍처)
docker build --platform=linux/amd64 -t blog-api:v1 .

# 3) 태그
docker tag blog-api:v1 $REPO:v1
docker tag blog-api:v1 $REPO:latest

# 4) 푸시
docker push $REPO:v1
docker push $REPO:latest

{
  "family": "blog-api",
  "networkMode": "awsvpc",
  "requiresCompatibilities": ["FARGATE"],
  "cpu": "512",
  "memory": "1024",
  "executionRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/ecsTaskExecutionRole",
  "taskRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/blog-api-task-role",
  "containerDefinitions": [
    {
      "name": "api",
      "image": "123456789012.dkr.ecr.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/blog-api:v1",
      "portMappings": [
        { "containerPort": 8000, "protocol": "tcp" }
      ],
      "essential": true,
      "environment": [
        { "name": "ENVIRONMENT", "value": "production" },
        { "name": "LOG_LEVEL", "value": "info" }
      ],
      "logConfiguration": {
        "logDriver": "awslogs",
        "options": {
          "awslogs-group": "/ecs/blog-api",
          "awslogs-region": "ap-northeast-2",
          "awslogs-stream-prefix": "api",
          "awslogs-create-group": "true"
        }
      },
      "healthCheck": {
        "command": ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -fsS http://127.0.0.1:8000/health || exit 1"],
        "interval": 10,
        "timeout": 3,
        "retries": 3,
        "startPeriod": 30
      }
    }
  ]
}

aws ecs register-task-definition \
  --cli-input-json file://task-definition.json \
  --region ap-northeast-2

ALB:443  (HTTPS, ACM 인증서)
   │
   ▼
Listener: 443 → forward → tg-blog-api
   │
   ▼
Target Group: tg-blog-api
  - Protocol: HTTP / 8000
  - Target type: ip   ← Fargate는 무조건 ip
  - Health check: GET /health
  - Healthy threshold: 2
  - Interval: 15s

aws elbv2 create-target-group \
  --name tg-blog-api \
  --protocol HTTP --port 8000 \
  --vpc-id $VPC_ID \
  --target-type ip \
  --health-check-path /health \
  --healthy-threshold-count 2 \
  --health-check-interval-seconds 15

aws ecs create-cluster --cluster-name blog-cluster

aws ecs create-service \
  --cluster blog-cluster \
  --service-name blog-api \
  --task-definition blog-api:1 \
  --desired-count 2 \
  --launch-type FARGATE \
  --network-configuration "awsvpcConfiguration={
      subnets=[subnet-aaa, subnet-bbb],
      securityGroups=[sg-fargate],
      assignPublicIp=ENABLED
    }" \
  --load-balancers "targetGroupArn=$TG_ARN,containerName=api,containerPort=8000" \
  --health-check-grace-period-seconds 60 \
  --deployment-configuration "deploymentCircuitBreaker={enable=true,rollback=true},maximumPercent=200,minimumHealthyPercent=100"

aws application-autoscaling register-scalable-target \
  --service-namespace ecs \
  --resource-id service/blog-cluster/blog-api \
  --scalable-dimension ecs:service:DesiredCount \
  --min-capacity 2 --max-capacity 10

aws application-autoscaling put-scaling-policy \
  --service-namespace ecs \
  --resource-id service/blog-cluster/blog-api \
  --scalable-dimension ecs:service:DesiredCount \
  --policy-name cpu-target \
  --policy-type TargetTrackingScaling \
  --target-tracking-scaling-policy-configuration '{
      "TargetValue": 60.0,
      "PredefinedMetricSpecification": {"PredefinedMetricType": "ECSServiceAverageCPUUtilization"},
      "ScaleOutCooldown": 30,
      "ScaleInCooldown": 120
    }'

aws ecs wait services-stable \
  --cluster blog-cluster \
  --services blog-api

ALB_DNS=$(aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers \
  --names blog-alb \
  --query 'LoadBalancers[0].DNSName' --output text)

curl -i https://$ALB_DNS/health
# HTTP/2 200
# {"status": "ok"}

aws logs tail /ecs/blog-api --follow --since 5m