CI/CD — GitHub Actions + ECR + ECS

git push (main)
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GitHub Actions
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   ├─ 1) Test                    ← pytest / npm test
   │
   ├─ 2) AWS OIDC assume-role   ← 액세스 키 없음
   │
   ├─ 3) Build & push image     ← <git-sha> 태그
   │       ECR: blog-api:abc1234
   │
   ├─ 4) Run migrations         ← ecs run-task (blog-api-migrate)
   │       대기 → 종료 코드 검사
   │
   ├─ 5) Update Task Definition ← 새 image 로 새 revision
   │
   ├─ 6) Update Service          ← rolling 배포
   │
   └─ 7) Wait services-stable    ← 5~10 분
           실패 시 circuit breaker 자동 롤백

GitHub Actions Job 시작
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GitHub OIDC Provider 가 JWT 발급
   {sub: "repo:myorg/blog-api:ref:refs/heads/main", aud: "sts.amazonaws.com"}
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aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials
   ├─ STS:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity
   ├─ AWS 가 trust policy 에서 sub claim 검증
   ▼
임시 자격증명 (AccessKey / SecretKey / SessionToken)  TTL: 1h

aws iam create-open-id-connect-provider \
  --url https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com \
  --client-id-list sts.amazonaws.com \
  --thumbprint-list 6938fd4d98bab03faadb97b34396831e3780aea1

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [{
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Principal": {
      "Federated": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com"
    },
    "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
    "Condition": {
      "StringEquals": {
        "token.actions.githubusercontent.com:aud": "sts.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "StringLike": {
        "token.actions.githubusercontent.com:sub": "repo:myorg/blog-api:ref:refs/heads/main"
      }
    }
  }]
}

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "ECR",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "ecr:GetAuthorizationToken",
        "ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability",
        "ecr:GetDownloadUrlForLayer",
        "ecr:PutImage",
        "ecr:InitiateLayerUpload",
        "ecr:UploadLayerPart",
        "ecr:CompleteLayerUpload"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "ECS",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "ecs:RegisterTaskDefinition",
        "ecs:DescribeTaskDefinition",
        "ecs:UpdateService",
        "ecs:DescribeServices",
        "ecs:RunTask",
        "ecs:DescribeTasks",
        "ecs:ListTasks"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "PassRole",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "iam:PassRole",
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/ecsTaskExecutionRole",
        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/blog-api-task-role"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

name: Deploy to ECS

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  workflow_dispatch:

permissions:
  id-token: write   # OIDC 토큰 발급 — 필수
  contents: read

env:
  AWS_REGION: ap-northeast-2
  ECR_REPOSITORY: blog-api
  ECS_CLUSTER: blog-cluster
  ECS_SERVICE: blog-api
  TASK_FAMILY: blog-api
  MIGRATE_FAMILY: blog-api-migrate

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with: { python-version: "3.14" }
      - run: pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements-dev.txt
      - run: pytest -q

  deploy:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      # 1) AWS OIDC
      - name: Configure AWS credentials
        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
        with:
          role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/github-actions-deploy
          aws-region: ${{ env.AWS_REGION }}

      # 2) ECR login
      - name: Login to ECR
        id: ecr
        uses: aws-actions/amazon-ecr-login@v2

      # 3) Build & push
      - name: Build and push
        id: build
        env:
          REGISTRY: ${{ steps.ecr.outputs.registry }}
          TAG: ${{ github.sha }}
        run: |
          docker build --platform=linux/amd64 \
            -t $REGISTRY/$ECR_REPOSITORY:$TAG \
            -t $REGISTRY/$ECR_REPOSITORY:latest .
          docker push $REGISTRY/$ECR_REPOSITORY:$TAG
          docker push $REGISTRY/$ECR_REPOSITORY:latest
          echo "image=$REGISTRY/$ECR_REPOSITORY:$TAG" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

      # 4) Migration RunTask
      - name: Run DB migrations
        env:
          IMAGE: ${{ steps.build.outputs.image }}
        run: |
          # 새 image 로 마이그레이션 task definition 새 revision 등록
          DEF=$(aws ecs describe-task-definition --task-definition $MIGRATE_FAMILY \
            --query 'taskDefinition' --output json)
          NEW=$(echo "$DEF" | jq --arg I "$IMAGE" \
            '.containerDefinitions[0].image=$I |
             {family,taskRoleArn,executionRoleArn,networkMode,containerDefinitions,
              volumes,placementConstraints,requiresCompatibilities,cpu,memory}')
          NEW_ARN=$(aws ecs register-task-definition \
            --cli-input-json "$NEW" \
            --query 'taskDefinition.taskDefinitionArn' --output text)

          # RunTask
          TASK_ARN=$(aws ecs run-task --cluster $ECS_CLUSTER \
            --task-definition $NEW_ARN --launch-type FARGATE \
            --network-configuration "awsvpcConfiguration={
                subnets=[${{ secrets.MIGRATE_SUBNET_ID }}],
                securityGroups=[${{ secrets.FARGATE_SG_ID }}],
                assignPublicIp=ENABLED
              }" \
            --started-by "deploy-${{ github.sha }}" \
            --query 'tasks[0].taskArn' --output text)

          echo "Migration task: $TASK_ARN"
          aws ecs wait tasks-stopped --cluster $ECS_CLUSTER --tasks $TASK_ARN

          # 종료 코드 검사 (0이 아니면 fail)
          EXIT=$(aws ecs describe-tasks --cluster $ECS_CLUSTER --tasks $TASK_ARN \
            --query 'tasks[0].containers[0].exitCode' --output text)
          if [ "$EXIT" != "0" ]; then
            echo "Migration failed (exit=$EXIT)"
            aws logs tail /ecs/blog-api-migrate --since 10m
            exit 1
          fi

      # 5) Update Service Task Definition
      - name: Render service task definition
        id: render
        uses: aws-actions/amazon-ecs-render-task-definition@v1
        with:
          task-definition: ops/task-definition.json
          container-name: api
          image: ${{ steps.build.outputs.image }}

      # 6) Deploy to ECS Service
      - name: Deploy
        uses: aws-actions/amazon-ecs-deploy-task-definition@v2
        with:
          task-definition: ${{ steps.render.outputs.task-definition }}
          service: ${{ env.ECS_SERVICE }}
          cluster: ${{ env.ECS_CLUSTER }}
          wait-for-service-stability: true
          wait-for-minutes: 15

aws ecs update-service \
  --cluster blog-cluster --service blog-api \
  --deployment-configuration "
    deploymentCircuitBreaker={enable=true,rollback=true},
    maximumPercent=200,
    minimumHealthyPercent=100"

PREV=$(aws ecs describe-task-definition --task-definition blog-api:42 \
  --query 'taskDefinition.taskDefinitionArn' --output text)

aws ecs update-service \
  --cluster blog-cluster --service blog-api \
  --task-definition $PREV \
  --force-new-deployment

Blue (현재 운영)  ←──── 100% 트래픽
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Green 새 버전 띄우기 (Blue 그대로 살아 있음)
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ALB Listener 의 Test traffic 으로 Green 검증
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Listener 의 100% 트래픽 → Green
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Wait 타이머 (10~60분) — 문제 없으면 Blue 종료
                       문제 있으면 Listener 한 줄로 Blue 복귀 (즉시 롤백)

Linear (10%씩 5분 간격) — 50분 만에 100%
Canary (10% → 5분 대기 → 90% 한 번에)
AllAtOnce (즉시 100% — Blue/Green 의 가장 빠른 모양)

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]

jobs:
  deploy:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        include:
          - branch: develop
            env: dev
            cluster: blog-cluster-dev
            role: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/github-actions-deploy-dev
          - branch: main
            env: prod
            cluster: blog-cluster-prod
            role: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/github-actions-deploy-prod
    if: github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', matrix.branch)
    environment: ${{ matrix.env }}